Legal overview
These milestones are starting points for primary-source research. Judicial doctrine develops over time.
| Milestone | Overview | Research question |
|---|---|---|
| Indra Sawhney (1992) | Major Supreme Court ruling addressing backward-class reservation, creamy layer, and the general 50% ceiling principle. | How are backwardness, adequacy of representation, and exclusion of advanced sections assessed? |
| 103rd Constitutional Amendment | Introduced enabling provisions for EWS measures through Articles 15(6) and 16(6). | How should economic disadvantage be defined and verified? |
| Janhit Abhiyan (2022) | Supreme Court decision upholding the 103rd Amendment by majority. | What constitutional distinctions did the separate opinions emphasize? |
| State of Punjab v. Davinder Singh (2024) | Supreme Court ruling concerning sub-classification within Scheduled Castes for distribution of reservation benefits. | What empirical foundation is required for sub-classification? |
Research note: This page is an educational overview, not legal advice. Consult the original judgments, constitutional text, and subsequent developments before relying on any legal proposition. The listed research questions are prompts for further study, not conclusions.
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